Assalamualaikum semuanya aku udah lama nih gk nulis'' blog lgi karena kesibukan menulis tugas akhir kuliah (skripsi).
nah kali ini aku mau bagi-bagi ilmu dikit nih, mungkin banyak diantara kalian yang sedang nyusun skripsi juga, ini aku kasih sedikit gambaran skripsi bagi kalian yang masih bingung untuk menulisnya. Semoga bermanfaat!!
THE EFFECT OF SCRAMBLE GAME ON EIGHT GRADE STUDENTS VOCABULARY MASTERY
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER I
A. Background of the Study
In foreign language teaching learning
process, vocabulary plays an important role. It is one element that links the four
skills of speaking, reading, listening and writing all together. Vocabulary is
one of the components of the language. It is an important aspect on learning
English. How well one can communicate with English is partly dependent on how
many vocabulary he has mastered. But in Fact, the main problem in teaching
English in School in the less of the students‟ motivation in English because of
their weakness to use the vocabulary. Students however, always get much trouble
to achieve the great success in learning the skill. Yasin (1993) pointed out
fact of unsuccessful achievement of learning English; one of them is a very
mastery of vocabulary.
According to Jordan (1995:149) “Teaching
vocabulary is such an important task in teaching English because vocabulary achievement
relates to all language learning and it is of concern to all four language
skills”. Vocabulary is very essential to comprehend the language well, speak
comprehend the language well, speak better, or compose a good writing. It is
expected that the learners have to increase their vocabulary about 100 words a
year. Similarly on the Competence Based Curriculum, the students are required
to increase their vocabulary 1000-1500 words every year so that in three years
students have increased their vocabulary around 4000 words.
Infact, the student had problem dealing
with vocabulary mastery. First, they could not pronounce the words correctly.
Second, they found it hard to remember words and words meaning. Third, they
found it hard to spell words correctly. The last they could not use words in
proper context.
Those problems arise because of some
factors. Firstly, factors from the students their self. They did not
participate in the teaching learning process. Some of them just chat each other
and played with their friends. The teacher always reminds them to pay attention
to the lesson. And even the teacher should scold them. The second factor coming
from the teacher. In English lesson, the teacher just asks the students to do a
lot of assignments from the LKS. She just gives the meaning of the class. The
communication just occurred when the students found difficulties in doing the
assignments. There was no just doing assignment. It made the students could not
pronounce, remind word meaning, spell, and use words properly.
One technique for teaching English
vocabulary is by using game. Games can be used as one of the educational
techniques in teaching learning process of English. According to Kolf (1989),
through games, vocabulary can be practiced and emphasized. In other word,
students can get reinforcement as well as attention to vocabulary. In short,
games can break the tension and help the students to avoid boredom in learning
English.
The
researcher has to find out the appropriate game for Junior High School
students. Scrabble is a word game for 2, 3 or 4 players. To play consist of
forming interlocking words, cross-word fashion on the Scrabble playing board
using letter tiles with various score values. Moreover, this game challenges
its players to use the maximum number of letters little to put down words in
the best possible position, therefore, scrabble presents opportunities for its
players to enjoy the game, particularly in the classroom. Scrabble may be the
most popular word game around. It’s designed for two to four players and the
object is to score points by forming words from lettered tiles on a game board.
Everyone starts out with a seven letter tiles and builds off the word
constructions set out as the game processes.
Considering the importance of the
technique in teaching vocabulary, the researcher decides to conduct a research
on ‘’the effect of scramble game on eighth grade student junior high school
vocabulary mastery’’
B. Identification of problems
First, they could
not pronounce the words correctly.
Second, they found
it hard to remember words and words meaning.
Third, they found
it hard to spell words correctly.
The last they
could not use words in proper context.
C. Limitation of problems
The researcher focuses on the effect
of scramble game to improve student’s vocabulary at eight grade junior high
school. The material of the study is scramble which is used as an object of
discussing in this research. The researcher limits on concrete vocabulary
mastery.
D. Research question
Is there any effect of scrabble game to eight grade
student junior high school in their vocabulary mastery?
E. Purpose of study
Based on the research question above, the purpose of this
research is as follow:
‘’To know that the Scrabble can increase the student’s
vocabulary mastery’’
F. The significance of study
1. Theoretically
This research is expected support the theories of
vocabulary mastery in English education, especially the effect of ‘’scramble’’
on the eighth grade students vocabulary mastery.
2. Practically
A For the
students of Junior High School
The students can enjoy themselves in learning English in
the class and enlarge their vocabulary easily.
B
For the teachers of Junior High School
The teacher of Junior High School can
get input about the ways of increasing the student’s vocabulary.
C For the
school
The school knows the result of this study and expected to
be able to give more information about scramble game so that it can be applied
in school.
D For
the researcher
The researcher can bring a better understanding of
bringing the changes and the improvement in students’ vocabulary mastery.
CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Literature Review
1. Vocabulary
a.
Definition of Vocabulary
Generally,
vocabulary is the collection of the words which have meaning in every word. According to
Ur (2009;p.60), “Vocabulary
can be defined, roughly as the words we teach
in the foreign language”.
It means that vocabulary is basic in learn foreign language. Because, if
learners don’t know about the vocabulary, the will find the difficulty in
understand what the speaker or native speaker say and also written.
Vocabulary
refers to the words we know to communicate effectively. In general, vocabulary
can be described as oral vocabulary or reading vocabulary. Oral vocabulary
refers to words that we use in speaking or recognize in listening. Reading
vocabulary refers to words we recognize or use in print.
Vocabulary is one of the important things in language learning besides
sound, and grammar. Teachers and text book writers have interpreted the meaning
of vocabulary in different points of view. The definitions have similarities
and differences to each other. It is good to look at some definitions that have
been described as vocabulary.
David Grambs (1984:
p.73) said that “vocabulary is a list of words usually
defined and alphabetized as a dictionary or specialized glossary complete word
stock of a language”. Meanwhile Harmer (1999:
p.3) said that “vocabulary is more than merely a list of
words. The words which express meaning but meanings are a slippery concept.
Some words may appear to be simple to refer to one thing and therefore easy to
teach, but some words may also difficult to teach because their meaning may
change depends on the words they are attached with”.
In other words Harimurti Kridalaksana (1993:
p.127) defines “vocabulary is a component of a language
maintaining all of information about meaning and using word in a language”. In group of people who
speaks certain language, they have a greed that every single structured sound
has meaning. And vocabulary system is different from another one in another
language for instance: the vocabulary system in English is different from the
vocabulary in French.
Learning vocabulary does not
mean learning words in isolation. Words should be learned in context, because
often of word has different meaning in different context. In sentences: john
works in the “bank”. The boy is sitting on the “bank”, you can “bank” in it,
and the pilot “bank” the plane.
The word bank has a various
meanings. The word bank in the first sentence means an establishment where
money is stored for saving or commercial purposes or invested, supplied for loans, or exchanged. In the second one, it
means a slop of land that adjoins a body of water. In the third one it means depends
on, while in latter it means to steer.
b.
Vocabulary Mastery
Vocabulary is one of the language aspects which should
be learn. Learning vocabulary is important because we are able to speak, write,
and listen nicely we have to know vocabulary first. A person said to ‘know‘a
word if they can recognize its meaning when they see it. It means that in
learning vocabulary we have to know the meaning of it and also understand and can
use it in sentence context.
According Darmiyati Zuchdi
(1995: p.3-7) vocabulary mastery is a
person's ability to recognize, understand, and use words properly and
correctly, by listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
To better
understand the meaning of the vocabulary, Kridalaksana writing in Tarigan
(1994: p.446) stating that the
vocabulary is (1) a component that contains the language in information about
the meaning and application of words in the language; (2) says that the wealth
belongs to a speaker, writer or a language; and (3) a list of terms that are
arranged like a dictionary, but with a short explanation and practical.
In
learning vocabulary automatically we have to know the meaning of words itself
and can use it in sentences. Wilkins (1972: p.130)
states that vocabulary learning is learning to discriminate progressing the
meaning of words in the target language from the meanings of their nearest
‘equivalent’ in the mother tongue. It is also learning to make the most
appropriate lexical choices for particular linguistic and situational context.
With the view of the above,
the authors conclude that the entire word vocabulary is a language that belongs
to the writer or person owned or possessed even one speaker. Vocabulary has a
very important role in language teaching, because mastery of vocabulary is very
influential on the language skills. The more vocabulary you have, the more
skilled person in speaking about. With the mastery of vocabulary allows someone
more skilled in writing, such as writing a narrative. Writing requires a lot of
vocabulary to convey information or messages to readers.
c.
Kinds of Vocabulary
The
second language learners generally will absorb reading vocabualary first, before they get vocabularies from
listening and speaking. Learning vocabulary is important for whom learning
foreign language.
According
to Judy K (2007), vocabulary can be devided into four kinds:
1) Listening Vocabulary
Listening
vocabulary is the word we get from hearing and understand. When the babies in the womb in 16 weeks, they
can detect sound around them. Than we was studied and get the word when we were
at ours mothers womb. By the time they reach adulthood, most of us will
recognize and understand close to 50,000 words.
2) Speaking Vocabulary
The
word used when the people speak. their speaking vocabulary is relatively
limited: Most adults use a more 5,000 to 10,000 words for all their
conversations and instructions. This number is too less than listening
vocabulary.
3) Reading Vocabulary
The
words understood when reading text. The people can read and understand many
words that they do not use in their speaking vocabulary. This is the 2nd largest vocabulary if you are
a reader. If you are not a reader, you should not “grow” your vocabulary.
4) Writing Vocabulary
The
words retrieveing when the people write to express theirselves. Generally to
find it easier to explain theirselves orally, using facial expression and
intonation to help get their ideas across, then to find just the right words to
communicate the same ideas in writing. The people writing vocabulary is
strongly influenced by the words they can spell.
Penny Ur (2009) states there are two
kind of vocabulary:
1)
Single
word
Single
word is the word has one meaning or single idea. Although, it is made from two
or three word. Such as; food, mother in law, post office, and etc.
2)
Multi-word
idioms
Multi
word is where the meaning of the phrase can not
be deduced from an analysis of the component words. Such as; walking on air,
sick as a dog, and etc.
d. The Aspect of Vocabulary Teaching
Collier-Macmillan (1971; p.8) says that many of the
words have more than one meaning. Since this kind of ambiguity is one of the
great difficulties in English vocabulary, she can see the reason to disguise the feature of the language by
specifying one on the other usage of the word in the list. In the teaching vocabulary,
the teacher has to explain clearly to the students on how to know the meaning
of words in content words: it is based on many aspects. The principles of
modifications are made:
1)
Function words were eliminated.
2)
Sets of common items have been filed out, where or not all words
satisfied statistical requirements.
3)
New items have been added and old fashioned or inappropriate one
delayed.
4)
It was assumed that students would recognize and understand words
regularly formed from base words on the list. A so many words in earlier list
could be eliminated being automatically covered
5)
Numerals, days of the week, and month of the year have to been
eliminated from the word list.
Students’ memory
is very important. They can write down words whenever they hear or see the new
vocabulary by dividing them according to letters of the alphabet on their own
dictionary. The easiest way to learn vocabulary is by dividing into families,
groups and sets. According to Collier
Macmillan (1973), there are many steps that can be given to students in
improving their vocabulary;
1)
Write the word and its definition often just for practice.
2)
Say the word and learn to pronounce it correctly by using the
pronunciation clues in the dictionary.
3)
Try to learn the word and its meaning the first time you see it.
4)
Use the index card to study vocabulary. Write the word on one side and
its definition in other side.
5)
Make up a sentence you understand using the word.
6)
To change the ending of the word, try to make it plural, try to change
the tense, and try to improve.
7)
Use the word when you talk in the class, on the job or at home. Make
sure you can pronounce the word correctly.
8)
Use the word whenever you can in your writing assignments.
9)
Say the word and its meaning over and over again in your mind.
10) Do not lean long lists of new words each day for
several days so that you can learn by repeating.
B. Relevant Research
a.
“The Correlation between Extensive Reading and Student’s Vocabulary Achievement at Eight
Grade of MTsN 19 Pondok Labu”, Suryani, 2006, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah
Jakarta. The result of that skripsi that there is positive correlation between
extensive reading and student’s vocabulary achievement although is low. There are some theory which used by me because I
think it significance.
b. “The Correlation
Between Vocabulary And Student’s Reading Comprehension” Fajar Furqon, 2013.
Indonesia University. The findings showed that there was a strong correlation
between vocabulary and their reading comprehension. The current study concluded
that vocabulary was contributive in helping the students to comprehend the
texts. It’s clear that there are big correlation between vocabulary and reading
or one of them cannot be separated.
C. Theoretical Framework
Reading comprehension and
vocabulary learning are closely related. Reading helps in vocabulary
acquisition by creating opportunities to infer word meaning from context.
Vocabulary plays a pivotal role in understanding a text. Thus, vocabulary
is a central aspect of language learning in general, and reading comprehension
in particular.
Reading
comprehension and vocabulary are inextricably linked. The ability to decode or
identify and pronounce words is self-evidently important, but knowing what the
words mean has a major and direct effect on knowing what any specific passage
means. Students with a smaller vocabulary than other students comprehend less
of what they read and it has been suggested that the most impactful way to
improve comprehension is to improve vocabulary.
Vocabulary and reading cannot be separated, because both of them related
to each other. As the writer explains before, by
having and mastering vocabulary we will know the meaning of vocabulary in the
context. It can also help to avoid making mistake in understanding. Vocabulary
is very important to reading comprehension. Readers cannot understand what they
are reading without knowing what most of the word mean. As the children learn
to read more advanced texts, they must learn the meaning of new words that are
not part of their oral vocabulary.
One reason why many children find reading in some
subject fields difficult because of their lack of vocabulary. Whereas in fact
vocabulary is the most important thing in reading skill. Most of us if we find
the difficult word, we still just continue our reading in the hope that the
word we read is not really important or that it’s meaning will become clear
later on. But sometimes the word that we passed usually as the key of our
reading and understanding. We cannot catch and grasp the idea from our reading
as well as possible. So looking up the difficult of words in dictionary is
better for us. But the skillful readers understand as he read.
B. Research Hypothesis
H0 : There is
no correlation between vocabulary mastery and student’s reading comprehension at
eight grade of MTsN Teluknaga
H1 : There are
correlation between vocabulary mastery and student’s
No comments:
Post a Comment